The pancreas serves two primary functions in the body: an exocrine function related to digestion and an endocrine function related to blood sugar regulation. Exocrine Function (Digestive Role):

• The pancreas produces digestive enzymes such as amylase (breaks down carbohydrates), proteases like trypsin and chymotrypsin (break down proteins), and lipase (breaks down fats). These enzymes are secreted into pancreatic ducts that empty into the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine, where they help digest food

• It also secretes bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid entering the duodenum, creating an optimal environment for enzyme activity

• Each day, the pancreas produces about 1.5 to 3 liters of pancreatic juice containing these enzymes and bicarbonate

Endocrine Function (Hormonal Role):

• The pancreas contains clusters of cells called islets of Langerhans that produce hormones directly into the bloodstream.
• The main hormones are insulin, which lowers blood sugar by facilitating glucose uptake into cells; glucagon, which raises blood sugar by promoting glucose release from the liver; and somatostatin, which regulates the release of both insulin and glucagon

• This hormonal regulation is crucial for maintaining blood glucose homeostasis, supporting the function of organs like the brain, liver, and kidneys

In summary, the pancreas is vital for both digesting food through enzyme secretion and regulating blood sugar levels through hormone production, making it essential for overall metabolism and energy balance