The Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistical composite index that measures the average achievement of a country in three key dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable, and having a decent standard of living. The HDI is calculated using the following indicators:

• Life expectancy at birth
• Mean years of schooling completed by adults aged 25 years and older
• Expected years of schooling for children under 18 years of age
• Gross national income (GNI) per capita

Each of these indicators is normalized to a scale between 0 and 1, and then the geometric mean of the four components is calculated to obtain the HDI value. The HDI is used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. The HDI was created to emphasize that people and their capabilities should be the ultimate criteria for assessing the development of a country, not economic growth alone. The HDI can be used to question national policy choices and to determine how two countries with the same level of income per person can have widely different human development outcomes. However, the HDI does not reflect on inequalities, poverty, human security, empowerment, etc. .