The Indigenous Voice referendum was a constitutional referendum held in Australia on October 14, 2023, which aimed to establish a representative body called the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice that would provide non-binding advice to the parliament on matters relating to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. The Voice was recommended by the Uluru Statement from the Heart, a historic document drafted by more than 250 Indigenous leaders in 2017, which is considered the best call to action for reforms that affect First Nations Australians. The proposed law Australians were asked to approve at the referendum would have inserted a new section into the Constitution, recognizing Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the First Peoples of Australia and establishing the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice.

The Voice would be representative of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities, gender-balanced, and include youth. Members would serve on the Voice for a fixed period of time to ensure regular accountability to their communities, and the way that members of the Voice are chosen would suit the wishes of local communities and would be determined through the post-referendum process. The Voice would make representations to MPs and policy makers on matters relating to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, but if the referendum passed, parliament would have the power to decide on the Voices composition, functions, powers, and procedures.

The Indigenous Voice referendum was the first referendum of the 21st century in Australia, but it did not pass. The proposed law Australians were asked to approve at the referendum failed to gain the majority of votes required to change the Constitution. Proponents of the Voice argued that it would be a simple change to improve the lives of Indigenous Australians and that it needs to be enshrined in the Constitution rather than legislated. Opponents of the Voice argued that it would be the biggest change to Australian democracy in the countrys history and the biggest ever change to Australias Constitution, and that it might worsen racial divisions.