The Industrial Revolution was a period of major mechanization and innovation that began in Great Britain during the mid-18th to early 19th centuries and later spread worldwide. It marked the shift from agrarian economies relying on manual labor and handmade goods to manufacturing economies driven by machines and factories. This revolution introduced key technologies like the steam engine, spinning jenny, and power loom, which significantly increased production efficiency and led to urbanization, population growth, and economic expansion. It also brought profound social changes, including the rise of factory work, new labor patterns, and challenges such as pollution and poor working conditions. Overall, the Industrial Revolution transformed economies and societies by enabling mass production, enhancing transportation, and changing how people lived and worked.