The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is an ongoing military and political conflict in the Levant that dates back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The conflict is primarily over territory, with both Jews and Arabs seeking sovereignty for their people in the Middle East. The conflict has its roots in the Balfour Declaration, a public statement issued by the British government in 1917 announcing support for the establishment of a "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine. The 1947 United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine, which sought to divide the British Mandate of Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states, was never implemented and provoked the 1947–1949 Palestine War. The current Israeli-Palestinian status quo began following Israeli military occupation of the West Bank and Gaza in the 1967 Six-Day War, known as the Palestinian territories.

The conflict has been characterized by violence and tensions between Israelis and Palestinians, with both sides blaming each other for the violence. Palestinian violence against Israeli civilians and military forces is referred to as terrorism by Israel, the United States, and the European Union. The motivations behind Palestinian violence against Israeli civilians are many, and not all violent Palestinian groups agree with each other. The conflict has resulted in numerous wars and fighting, with cease-fire and armistice agreements being reached at various times.

The conflict has been ongoing for decades, with the latest escalation occurring in 2023. The conflict is complex and has many historical details that are litigated by both sides.