The main reasons for world population growth are:
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Fertility rates: Population growth is highly dependent on trends in fertility rates. The global fertility level is expected to decline from 2.5 children per woman in 2019 to 2.2 in 2050. However, sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East-North Africa region, where fertility rates exceed the global average, are expected to have the highest rates of population growth in the coming decades.
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Increase in longevity: The gradual increase in average human longevity due to widespread improvements in public health, nutrition, personal hygiene, and medicine is another reason for population growth. Groups with higher life expectancies will, on average, live longer and have larger populations.
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International migration: Migration can also contribute to population growth in certain regions.
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Decline in mortality rates: The infant mortality rate has decreased globally, which is welcome public health news, but it also means that more children are surviving to adulthood and contributing to population growth.
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Poverty: Poverty is an underlying cause of rapid population growth. Social factors are at the base of both poverty and population growth.
It is important to note that population growth has positive aspects for the development of society, but it also has negative effects on the planet, such as increasing climate change and freshwater use.
