The national anthem of India is "Jana Gana Mana" (lit. Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People) . It was originally composed as "Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata" in Bengali by Rabindranath Tagore on December 11, 1911. The first stanza of the song was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India as the National Anthem on January 24, 1950. The lyrics of the anthem were first translated into English during Tagores stay at Besant Theosophical College at the invitation of Irish poet James H. Cousins. The English translation was noted down by Tagore, and the musical notations were set by the poets wife, Margaret Cousins. The anthem is played or sung on various occasions, and instructions have been issued from time to time about the correct versions of the anthem, the occasions on which these are to be played or sung, and about the need for paying respect to the anthem by observance of proper decorum on such occasions. The anthem conveys the spirit of pluralism or the concept of Unity in Diversity, which lies at the core of Indias cultural heritage.