The Indian national movement was a series of historic events with the ultimate aim of ending British rule in India, also known as British Raj. It lasted until 1947. The movement emerged from Bengal and later took root in the newly formed Indian National Congress with prominent moderate leaders seeking the right to appear for Indian Civil Service examinations in British India, as well as more economic rights for natives. The Indian independence movement was in constant ideological evolution, essentially anti-colonial, and was supplemented by visions of independent, economic development with a secular, democratic, republican, and civil-libertarian political structure. After the 1930s, the movement took on a strong socialist orientation. The Indian National Congress (INC) was created to help ease the tensions in the British relationship with Indians after the Sepoy Mutiny. The INC is the oldest political party in India, and its members represented a political class of Indian civil servants invested in the interests of India. The National Movement during the years 1885 to 1947 can be divided into the following three phases: Moderate Phase, Extremist Phase, and Gandhian Phase. The movement sought to demonstrate the strength of India and its people by raising political awareness and assembling a bigger political representation for the nation in opposition to British Rule. The movement culminated in the Indian Independence Act 1947, which ended Crown suzerainty and partitioned British Raj into Dominion of India and Dominion of Pakistan.