The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is a long-standing conflict over territory that dates back to the late 19th century. The conflict has its roots in the rise of national movements, including Zionism and Arab nationalism, and the desire for self-determination by both the Jewish and Arab populations in the region. The conflict intensified after the United Nations adopted Resolution 181, known as the Partition Plan, which sought to divide the British Mandate of Palestine into Arab and Jewish states. On May 14, 1948, the State of Israel was created, sparking the first Arab-Israeli War. The war ended in 1949 with Israel’s victory, but 750,000 Palestinians were displaced, and the territory was divided into three parts: the State of Israel, the West Bank (of the Jordan River), and the Gaza Strip. Palestinians lament Israels creation as the Nakba, or catastrophe, that resulted in their dispossession and blocked their dreams of statehood. The conflict has been marked by violence, including wars, uprisings, and terrorist attacks, and has drawn in outside powers and destabilized the wider Middle East. The Palestinians seek to establish their own independent state in at least a part of historic Palestine, while Israel demands security in what it has long regarded as a hostile region. The status of Jerusalem, the occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, and the issue of Palestinian refugees are among the contentious issues in the conflict.