The Paris Agreement is a 2015 international treaty under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) designed to limit global warming and enhance resilience to climate impacts. It builds a bottom-up system where countries set their own plans (nationally determined contributions) and regularly report on progress, with the aim of keeping the global temperature rise well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the increase to 1.5°C. It also seeks to strengthen adaptation, climate finance, and transparency among signatories. Key aspects include non-binding emission targets at the national level, a global stocktake every five years to assess collective progress, and a framework to align financial flows with low-emission, climate-resilient development. The agreement entered into force on November 4, 2016, and as of 2023–2025, most UNFCCC parties and many other economies are participating and reporting on their emissions and actions.