Israel is a religiously diverse country, but the majority of its population is Jewish. According to a 2022 survey, 73.6% of the population is Jewish, 18.1% is Muslim, 1.9% is Christian, and 1.6% is Druze. The remaining 4.8% includes faiths such as Samaritanism and Baháʼí, as well as "religiously unclassified". Although Israel is a Jewish-majority country, there is no state religion. Jewish identity in Israel is complex, spanning notions of religion, ethnicity, nationality, and family. When asked about their present religion, virtually all Israeli Jews say they are Jewish, even though roughly half describe themselves as secular and one-in-five do not believe in God.

The Jewish population in Israel is divided into four major religious subgroups: Hiloni (“secular”), Masorti (“traditional”), Dati (“religious”), and Haredi (“ultra-Orthodox”). Hilonim are the least religious and make up roughly half of Israeli Jews (49%). The ultra-Orthodox community is insular and follows strict religious rules, but even they lose a steady stream of members who tire of their strict religious rules.

Muslims living in Israel are overall more religious than Israeli Jews, but they are less religious than Muslims living in many other countries in the region. For example, about two-thirds of Muslims in Israel (68%) say religion is very important in their lives – higher than the comparable share of Lebanese Muslims (59%), but lower than the share of Muslims in Jordan (85%), the Palestinian territories (85%), and Iraq (82%) who say this.

Religion plays a central role in national and civil life in Israel, and almost all Israeli citizens are automatically registered as members of the states 14 official religious communities, which exercise control over several matters of personal status, especially marriage.