The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has a long and complex history that dates back to the late 19th century. Here is a timeline of the key events that have shaped the conflict:

• Late 19th century: Zionists seek to establish a homeland for the Jewish people in Ottoman-controlled Palestine.
• 1920s-1940s: Jewish immigration to Palestine grows significantly due to the growth of anti-Semitism in Europe, leading to violence between Jews and Arabs.
• 1947: The UN adopts Resolution 181, which seeks to divide the British Mandate of Palestine into Arab and Jewish states. The plan is accepted by Jewish leaders but rejected by the Arab side and never implemented.
• May 14, 1948: The State of Israel is created, sparking the first Arab-Israeli War. The war ends in 1949 with Israels victory, but 750,000 Palestinians are displaced, and the territory is divided into 3 parts: the State of Israel, the West Bank (of the Jordan River), and the Gaza Strip.
• 1967: Israel occupies the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, which is subsequently annexed by Israel.
• 1987-1993: The First Intifada, a Palestinian uprising against Israeli occupation, takes place.
• 1993: The Oslo Accords are signed, which aim to establish a framework for peace negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians.
• 2000: The Second Intifada begins, leading to increased violence and tensions between Israelis and Palestinians.
• 2005: Israel withdraws from the Gaza Strip, but maintains control over its borders and airspace.
• 2006: Hamas, a Palestinian militant group, wins parliamentary elections in the Gaza Strip.
• 2007: Hamas takes control of the Gaza Strip in a violent coup, leading to a split between the West Bank, which is controlled by the Palestinian Authority, and the Gaza Strip.
• 2014: Israel launches a military operation in the Gaza Strip in response to rocket attacks by Hamas.
• 2021: Tensions between Israelis and Palestinians escalate in Jerusalem, leading to violent clashes and rocket attacks.
• 2022: Israel launches a military operation in the Gaza Strip in response to rocket attacks by Hamas.
• 2023: Hamas launches an unprecedented assault on Israel, leading to a new round of violence.

The conflict is rooted in competing claims to the same land, with Israelis seeking security in what they regard as a hostile region and Palestinians seeking a state of their own. The establishment of Israel and the displacement of hundreds of thousands of Palestinians who became refugees sparked a decades-long conflict between Israel and the Palestinian people. The Palestinians seek to establish their own independent state in at least a part of historic Palestine.