The two-state solution is a proposed framework for resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict by establishing two states for two peoples: Israel for the Jewish people and Palestine for the Palestinian people. The solution envisions an independent State of Palestine alongside the State of Israel, west of the Jordan River. The two-state solution was born out of a series of historical events, and the Oslo Accords set out a process for a mutually negotiated two-state solution to be gradually implemented by the end of the decade. However, the process showed initial promise and progress, but a combination of dissatisfaction and distrust led to the breakdown and delay of the process. The two-state solution has been the primary focus of efforts to achieve peace in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, but it has been challenging to achieve due to four issues that have proved most challenging: borders, refugees, Jerusalem, and security. The solution has been supported by most governments and world bodies, including the United States, the United Nations, the Palestinian Authority, and Israel. The settlements in the West Bank have created an insurmountable obstacle to the two-state solution and the Palestinian dream of an independent sovereign state based on the 1967 borders. Some researchers argue that the two-state solution has already been implemented because Jordan, which makes up 78% of the former Mandatory Palestine, was originally created as a state for the Arabs. However, the only realistic path for a lasting peace between Israelis and Palestinians remains a two-state solution.