Title IX is a federal civil rights law in the United States that was enacted as part of the Education Amendments of 1972. It prohibits sex-based discrimination in any school or any other education program that receives funding from the federal government. Title IX states that "No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance".

Title IX applies to schools, local and state educational agencies, and other institutions that receive federal financial assistance from the Department of Education. These recipients include approximately 17,600 local school districts, over 5,000 postsecondary institutions, and charter schools, for-profit schools, libraries, and museums. Title IX protects any person from sex/gender-based discrimination, including students, faculty, and staff; women and men; and individuals who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or intersex.

Title IX covers a wide range of issues, including but not limited to:

• Treatment of pregnant and parenting students
• Treatment of LGBTQI+ students
• Discipline
• Single-sex education
• Employment

Title IX also requires that each school publish a policy that it does not discriminate on the basis of sex in its education programs and activities. The policy must state that inquiries concerning Title IX may be referred to the school’s Title IX coordinator or to the Office for Civil Rights (OCR). Every school must designate at least one employee who is responsible for coordinating its efforts to comply with and carry out its responsibilities under Title IX.

Under Title IX, discrimination on the basis of sex can include sexual harassment or sexual violence, such as rape, sexual assault, sexual battery, and sexual coercion. Schools must respond to knowledge and reports of sex discrimination in particular ways, including conducting a thorough, reliable, and impartial investigation of reports and/or knowledge of sex discrimination.

In summary, Title IX is a federal civil rights law that prohibits sex-based discrimination in any school or any other education program that receives funding from the federal government. It covers a wide range of issues and requires schools to respond to knowledge and reports of sex discrimination in particular ways.