Tooth decay is the breakdown or destruction of tooth enamel, which is the hard outer surface of a tooth. It is caused by bacteria in the mouth that make acids that attack the tooths surface (enamel) . This can lead to a small hole in a tooth, called a cavity. Tooth decay can be found during a regular dental check-up, and signs include white, brown, or black staining on the tooth. If the decay is more advanced, it may form a hole or cavity. Tooth decay can lead to cavities (dental caries), which are holes in your teeth. If tooth decay is not treated, it can cause pain, infection, and even tooth loss.
Tooth decay is caused by bacteria and other things. It can happen when foods containing carbohydrates (sugars and starches) are left on the teeth. Such foods include milk, soda, raisins, candy, cake, fruit juices, cereals, and bread. Bacteria that normally live in the mouth change these foods, making acids. The combination of bacteria, food, acid, and saliva form a substance called plaque that sticks to the teeth. Poor oral hygiene practices, such as not brushing and flossing regularly, not brushing the tongue, and not using mouthwash, can also contribute to tooth decay.
If tooth decay is still in its early stages, before a hole (cavity) forms, the dentist can apply fluoride to reverse the decay. Dentists commonly treat cavities by filling them. A dentist will remove the decayed tooth tissue and then restore the tooth by filling it with a filling material. In the most severe cases, when the damage to the pulp cannot be fixed, the dentist may pull the tooth. The dentist will suggest that you get a bridge or implant to replace the missing tooth. Otherwise, the teeth next to the gap may move over and change your bite.
To prevent tooth decay, you can take steps such as brushing your teeth at least twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste, flossing regularly, brushing your tongue, and using mouthwash. You can also avoid sugary or starchy foods and drinks, and eat a healthy diet that includes healthy foods and the avoidance of sugary acidic drinks.
