Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) is a method of feeding that bypasses the gastrointestinal tract and provides most of the nutrients the body needs through a special formula given through a vein. TPN is indicated when there is impaired gastrointestinal function and contraindications to enteral nutrition. It is used when someone cant or shouldnt receive feedings or fluids by mouth, and a person may need TPN for a short time over weeks or months, or for life, depending on the condition that causes the need for TPN. TPN is a mixture of separate components which contain lipid emulsions, dextrose, amino acids, vitamins, electrolytes, minerals, and trace elements. Clinicians should adjust TPN composition to fulfill individual patients needs. TPN solutions are concentrated and can cause thrombosis of peripheral veins, so a central venous catheter is usually required. Patients on TPN must be taught to recognize symptoms of infection, and qualified home nursing must be arranged if TPN is given outside the hospital.