In math, a translation is a type of transformation that moves a shape left, right, up, or down without turning it. The translated shape appears to be the same size as the original shape, indicating that they are congruent to each other. A translation can be described using coordinate notation, where the coordinates of each point in the original shape are shifted by a certain amount to create the coordinates of the new shape. For example, to move a shape to the left by k units, we replace x with x-k, and to move it up by k units, we replace y with y+k. Translations are one of the four types of transformations in geometry, along with rotations, reflections, and dilations.