The two-state solution is a proposed framework for resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict by establishing two states for two peoples: Israel for the Jewish people and Palestine for the Palestinian people. The solution envisions an independent State of Palestine alongside the State of Israel, west of the Jordan River. The two-state solution was born out of a series of historical events, and in 1993, the Israeli government and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) agreed on a plan to implement a two-state solution as part of the Oslo Accords, leading to the establishment of the Palestinian Authority (PA) . However, some researchers argue that the two-state solution has already been implemented because Jordan, which makes up 78% of the former Mandatory Palestine, was originally created as a state for the Arabs.

The two-state solution is the most effective and peaceful answer to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. However, the prospects for a two-state solution are fading, and some experts on the Israel-Palestine conflict have expressed concern about it. Only 35% of Israelis believe that Israel and an independent Palestine can coexist peacefully, down from 44% in 2017. The feeling that peaceful coexistence is possible has decreased over the past decade among both Arabs and Jews living in Israel. While Israelis broadly lack confidence in a peaceful coexistence between Israel and an independent Palestinian state, opinions vary widely across Israeli groups.