Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. This destruction results in little or no insulin production, causing high blood sugar levels because glucose cannot enter the body's cells to be used for energy. People with type 1 diabetes require insulin therapy for survival. It is usually diagnosed in children and young adults but can occur at any age.

Key Features of Type 1 Diabetes:

• Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
• Insulin deficiency leading to high blood sugar (hyperglycemia)
• Symptoms: frequent urination, increased thirst and hunger, weight loss, blurry vision, fatigue, and slow wound healing
• Requires lifelong insulin treatment
• Cause not fully understood but involves genetic and environmental factors

Diagnosis and Management:

• Diagnosed by blood sugar and autoantibody tests
• Insulin replacement via injections or pumps is essential
• Diet, exercise, and lifestyle management support treatment
• Untreated diabetes can cause serious complications, including ketoacidosis and long-term organ damage

In summary, type 1 diabetes is a chronic condition where the body cannot produce insulin, necessitating external insulin administration to regulate blood sugar and maintain energy use in the body.