A Uniform Civil Code (UCC) is a proposal in India to formulate and implement personal laws of citizens which apply to all citizens equally regardless of their religion, gender, and sexual orientation. The UCC calls for the formulation of one law for India, which would be applicable to all religious communities in matters such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, and adoption. The code comes under Article 44 of the Constitution, which lays down that the state shall endeavor to secure a Uniform Civil Code for the citizens throughout the territory of India.

The debate for a uniform civil code dates back to the colonial period in India. Prior to the British rule, under the East India Company (1757–1858), they tried to reform local social and religious customs by imposing Western ideologies on India. However, the idea of a UCC has been met with opposition, primarily from the Muslim members of the Constituent Assembly, who feared it would dilute the rights of religious minorities in India.

While personal laws do need an upgrade, the path towards any UCC must run through consensus. Without that, the proposal is little more than a political move geared towards the election – with potentially dangerous consequences for the world’s largest democracy. The Law Commission of India stated on August 31, 2018, that a uniform civil code is "neither necessary nor desirable at this stage" in a 185-page consultation paper, adding that secularism cannot contradict the plurality prevalent in the country. On June 14, 2023, the 22nd Law Commission of India requested input from religious organizations and the general public regarding the matter of implementing a Uniform Civil Code (UCC) .