A urologist is a medical doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating conditions that affect the urinary tract in men, women, and children, as well as diseases that affect the reproductive system. The urinary tract includes the kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra, while the reproductive system includes the penis, testes, scrotum, and prostate. Urologists treat a wide range of conditions, including bladder problems, urinary tract infections, bladder and kidney cancer, kidney blockage, kidney stones, and prostate cancer. They can also diagnose and treat other conditions such as erectile dysfunction, infertility, and incontinence. Urologists can prescribe medications, offer behavior training, and perform a range of procedures, including surgery. If you have a problem with urologic health, you might see a urologist, who can diagnose and treat many kinds of issues.