Vaginal seeding, also known as microbirthing, is a procedure where vaginal fluids and microbes are applied to a newborn child delivered by caesarean section. The idea behind the practice is to allow an infant delivered via caesarean section to come in contact with microbes from the birth canal, which infants delivered vaginally are exposed to. The intended purpose of vaginal seeding is to transfer maternal vaginal bacteria to the newborn, allowing for proper colonization of the fetal gut and reducing the subsequent risk of asthma, atopic disease, and immune disorders. However, the scientific evidence regarding the short and long-term benefits of vaginal seeding, as well as the risks involved, is limited. Following a nonclinical vaginal seeding procedure, there was a reported case of localized neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, however, it cannot be supported that the infection was due to the procedure or another factor. It has been proposed that implementing a screening protocol for potential vaginal pathogens may be beneficial when considering vaginal seeding. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) does not recommend vaginal seeding outside of clinical trials due to the lack of data about its safety and effectiveness. Researchers are studying the practice in a clinical trial of babies to see if vaginal seeding improves health outcomes. In summary, vaginal seeding is a controversial practice with limited scientific evidence regarding its benefits and risks.