Vape liquid, also known as e-liquid or e-juice, is a mixture of substances that is heated by an electronic device to create an aerosol that users inhale. The exact composition of vape liquid can vary depending on the brand and flavor, but it typically contains the following components:

• Nicotine: This is a highly addictive substance that is extracted from tobacco. It is found in most vape liquids, even those that claim to be nicotine-free.

• Propylene glycol: This is a clear, odorless liquid that is used as a base in vape liquids. It produces a throat sensation similar to smoking and turns to vapor when heated.

• Vegetable glycerin: This is a thicker liquid that is also used as a base in vape liquids. It produces more vapor than propylene glycol.

• Flavorings: Vape liquids come in a wide range of flavors, which are added for personal preference. Flavors must be water-soluble and meet food standards.

• Solvents: These are substances used to dissolve either nicotine or marijuana-derived compounds including THC or CBD so those ingredients can be inhaled. The solvents most often used in vapes are vegetable glycerin and propylene glycol.

In addition to these components, vape liquids can contain other chemicals and metals, some of which are toxic. These include diethylene glycol, heavy metals such as nickel, tin, and lead, cadmium, benzene, and ultrafine particles that can be inhaled deep into the lungs. It is important to note that the exact composition of vape liquids can vary depending on the brand and flavor, and the lack of FDA standards means that it can be difficult to determine exactly what is in a particular vape liquid.