Vape liquid, also known as e-liquid or vape juice, is a mixture of substances that is heated by an electronic device to create an aerosol that users inhale. The exact composition of vape liquid can vary depending on the brand and flavor, but it typically contains the following components:

• Propylene glycol: A clear, odorless liquid that is used as a base in e-liquids. It turns to vapor when heated but may produce propylene oxide, a known carcinogen.

• Vegetable glycerin: A substance made from vegetable oil that produces the visible aerosol, or cloud, seen when vaping. It is also used as a base in e-liquids.

• Flavorings: E-liquid flavors are wide-ranging and can include anything from tobacco extracts to "notes of vanilla" or "berries and herbal notes." Flavors other than tobacco extracts must meet food standards in the Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code 2002.

• Nicotine: A highly addictive substance that is extracted from tobacco. E-cigarettes and vape pens can contain varying amounts of nicotine, and even e-cigarettes claiming to be nicotine-free may contain trace amounts of nicotine.

• Other chemicals: When the e-liquid heats up, more toxic chemicals can be formed, including diethylene glycol, heavy metals such as nickel, tin, and lead, cadmium, and benzene.

Its important to note that the exact composition of vape liquid can vary depending on the brand and flavor, and the lack of FDA standards means that e-cigarette composition and effects can vary. Additionally, while vaping is often promoted as a safer alternative to smoking, it is not completely harmless and can still pose health risks.