Vodka can be made from a variety of ingredients, including grains, fruits, vegetables, and even sugar. Traditionally, vodka is made from fermented cereal grains like wheat, sorghum, or rye, which are combined with water and heated. Yeast is then added to the pulp, initiating fermentation and converting sugars into alcohol. The resulting liquid is then distilled multiple times to remove impurities and create a neutral spirit that is free of flavor. The finished vodka has an alcohol content of approximately 40 percent.

While grains are the most common base for vodka, other ingredients can also be used. For example, vodka can be made from potatoes, corn, rice, and even fruit like apples. Each base ingredient can impact the flavor and texture of the vodka. For instance, corn produces a subtle sweetness, while fruit-based vodkas exhibit fruity notes.

In addition to the base ingredient, water is also a key component of vodka. It is used to dilute the alcohol and bring it to the desired proof. Some vodkas are also filtered to remove impurities and create a smoother texture.

Overall, vodka is a versatile spirit that can be made from a wide range of ingredients. While traditionally made from grains, modern vodka can be made from pretty much anything, and each base ingredient can impact the flavor and texture of the finished product.