Vulvovaginitis is a medical condition that refers to inflammation or infection of both the vulva and the vagina. It is a common condition that affects as many as one-third of women during their lifetime. The condition can result from an infection caused by organisms like bacteria, yeast, or viruses, or from irritations from chemicals or sprays. The following are some of the common causes of vulvovaginitis:

• Bacterial vaginosis (BV): This is the most common vaginal infection in women aged 15-44. It occurs when there is an imbalance between the "good" and "harmful" bacteria that are normally found in a womans vagina. Many things can change the balance of bacteria, including taking antibiotics, douching, using an intrauterine device (IUD), having unprotected sex with a new partner, or having many sexual partners.

• Yeast infection: This is caused by an overgrowth of yeast in the vagina. It can be caused by a change in hormones, antibiotic use, or a reaction to something that comes into contact with the vulva or vagina.

• Trichomoniasis: This is a sexually transmitted infection caused by a tiny, one-celled parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis. It is transmitted through sexual contact with an infected person.

• Irritation of the genital area: This can be caused by detergents, harsh soaps, chemicals such as chlorine, bubble baths, poor hygiene practices, or tight clothing.

• Skin diseases: Skin diseases such as eczema can cause vulvovaginitis.

The symptoms of vulvovaginitis depend on what is causing the condition. Typically, the symptoms happen in the vagina or just outside it, on the vulva. Some of the common symptoms include itching, pain, discharge, and odor. Treatment for vulvovaginitis depends on the underlying cause. Since most vulvovaginitis is set off by poor hygiene, it is important to assist with good cleaning habits as one learns to clean themselves. Symptoms will usually improve in a couple of weeks. In some cases, vulvovaginitis may require treatment with medication.