The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is an ongoing military and political conflict in the Levant that dates back to the end of the nineteenth century. The conflict began with the United Nations adoption of Resolution 181 in 1947, which sought to divide the British Mandate of Palestine into Arab and Jewish states. On May 14, 1948, the State of Israel was created, sparking the first Arab-Israeli War. The war ended in 1949 with Israels victory, but 750,000 Palestinians were displaced, and the territory was divided into three parts: the State of Israel, the West Bank (of the Jordan River), and the Gaza Strip.

Since then, there have been several wars and conflicts between Israel and Palestine, including the Yom Kippur War in 1973, the 2014 Gaza War, and the current 2023 Israel-Hamas War. The current conflict began in early October 2023 when war broke out between Israel and Hamas, the militant Islamist group that has controlled Gaza since 2006. Hamas fighters fired rockets, and Israel responded with airstrikes.

The roots of the conflict are complex and multifaceted, with both sides claiming historical and religious ties to the land. The conflict has its roots in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with the birth of major nationalist movements among the Jews and among the Arabs, both geared towards attaining sovereignty for their people in the Middle East. The Balfour Declaration was a public statement issued by the British government in 1917 during the First World War announcing support for the establishment of a "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine.

The conflict has resulted in thousands of casualties on both sides, with Palestinians in Gaza and the West Bank saying they are suffering because of Israeli actions and restrictions. The conflict is ongoing, and various attempts have been made to resolve it as part of the Israeli-Palestinian peace process, alongside other efforts to resolve the broader Arab-Israeli conflict.