Whale breaching is when a whale propels itself out of the water and falls back in with a splash. It is a spectacular display of acrobatics that can expose up to 90% of the whales body above the surface. While the exact reasons why whales breach are not fully understood, scientists have identified several possible explanations:

• Communication: Breaching may be a way for whales to communicate with each other, either to attract a mate or to warn of danger. The loud sounds produced by the impact of the whale hitting the water may serve as a way for whales to communicate over long distances.

• Territorial claims: Breaching can be a display of strength and power, serving as a territorial claim. By breaching, whales showcase their physical prowess and send a clear message to other individuals or competing pods that the area they occupy is their territory. This behavior helps establish boundaries and can help reduce potential conflicts between rival groups.

• Parasite removal: While breaching is visually striking, it also serves a practical purpose for whales. The forceful impact with the water dislodges and removes parasites that attach themselves to the whale’s skin or in their mouths. The sheer force of the breach, combined with the pressure and shock of hitting the water, can effectively dislodge these unwanted hitchhikers. This behavior helps whales maintain good health and hygiene, reducing the risk of infections or other health issues caused by parasites.

• Feeding and hunting: Some researchers believe that whales breach to stun or scare their prey, making it easier to catch. Others suggest that breaching may be a way for whales to locate schools of fish or other prey items.

• Mating and display: During mating season, male whales may breach to display their dominance and attract females. Breaching is a way for males to show off their physical fitness and stamina, which are important qualities in a potential mate. Breaching may also be related to play behavior, which can include breaching, tail slapping, and other acrobatic behaviors.

Breaching is a sign that the whale is physically fit enough to afford energy for this acrobatic display, hence it could be used for ascertaining dominance, courting, or warning of danger.