To auto-fill a series of values in Excel 2010 using a keyboard shortcut, you can use the AutoFill feature. Here are the steps to do it:

1. Select the cell that contains the pattern you want to fill.
2. Press and hold the Ctrl key.
3. While holding the Ctrl key, press the D key to fill down or the R key to fill right.

Alternatively, you can use the following keyboard shortcuts:

• Ctrl+D (or Ctrl+Down Arrow) to fill the selected cell with the contents of the cell directly above it.
• Ctrl+R (or Ctrl+Right Arrow) to fill the selected cell with the contents of the cell directly to its left.

These shortcuts can save you a lot of time when entering data into a large table.