Canada has a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary democracy. The government operates under a system rooted in the British Westminster tradition, with three main components: the Crown (represented by the monarch and the Governor General), the Senate, and the House of Commons. The Prime Minister is the head of government, while the monarch is the head of state. The system is federal, meaning power is shared between one federal government, ten provincial governments, and three territorial governments. The federal government handles national matters, and the provincial and territorial governments manage regional issues. Legislation must pass both chambers of Parliament—the appointed Senate and the elected House of Commons—and receive royal assent from the Governor General to become law. The Prime Minister, who leads the executive branch along with the cabinet, must maintain the confidence of the elected House of Commons to govern. Thus, Canada's government is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy and federal structure. The monarch's powers are largely ceremonial, while the Prime Minister and elected representatives wield actual political power through Parliament.