Pope Francis's primary language is Spanish, as he is Argentinian by birth

. Besides Spanish, he is fluent in Italian, which he uses frequently as the official language of Vatican City and the Holy See

. He also speaks several other languages, including:

• Piedmontese (a northern Italian dialect)

• Portuguese

• French

• German (basic proficiency)

• Ukrainian (learned due to Vatican duties)

• Latin (used for liturgical and scholarly purposes)

• Biblical Hebrew and Koine Greek (for scholarly use)

He has also studied English but admits struggling with its pronunciation and phonetics, so he prefers to use interpreters for clarity in speeches

. In summary, Pope Francis speaks Spanish and Italian most comfortably, with fluency or working knowledge in Portuguese, French, German, Ukrainian, Latin, and some biblical languages. He uses interpreters to ensure his messages are accurately conveyed in other languages