The official and national language spoken in Iceland is Icelandic. It is a North Germanic language from the Indo-European family, closely related to Western Norwegian and Faroese, and has changed very little since the island was settled in the 9th and 10th centuries

. Icelandic is spoken by about 314,000 people, essentially the entire population of Iceland, and is recognized by law as the official language since 2011

. In addition to Icelandic, Icelandic Sign Language is also officially recognized as a minority language with constitutional rights, used by the Icelandic deaf community

. While Icelandic is the dominant language, many Icelanders are multilingual. English and Danish (or another Scandinavian language) are mandatory subjects in schools, so a large majority of Icelanders speak English fluently, and Danish is spoken by a smaller minority due to historical ties

. Other immigrant languages such as Polish, Lithuanian, German, Portuguese, and Filipino are also present but spoken by small percentages of the population

. In summary:

• Official language: Icelandic
• Sign language: Icelandic Sign Language
• Widely spoken second languages: English, Danish
• Other minority/immigrant languages: Polish, Lithuanian, German, Portuguese, Filipino, Thai, Latvian

Icelandic remains a linguistically conservative language, intentionally preserved with minimal foreign influence, making it unique among European languages