Switzerland has four national and official languages:

• German is the most widely spoken language, used by about 62-65% of the population, mainly in the northern, central, and eastern parts of the country. The spoken form is mostly Swiss German (Schwyzerdütsch), a collection of Alemannic dialects distinct from standard German, which is used in writing and formal contexts

• French is spoken by about 22-23% of the population, primarily in the western cantons known as Romandy (Geneva, Vaud, Neuchâtel, Jura). Swiss French is very similar to the French spoken in France, with minor regional differences

• Italian is spoken by around 8% of the population, mainly in the southern canton of Ticino and parts of Graubünden. Swiss Italian closely resembles standard Italian but includes some local nuances

• Romansh is the least common national language, spoken by about 0.5% of the population, mainly in the canton of Graubünden. It has several dialects and is recognized as an official language since 1938, serving as a cultural symbol

In addition to these, English is widely used as a bridging language, especially in business and official documentation, though it is not an official language

. Thus, Switzerland is a multilingual country with German, French, Italian, and Romansh as its four official languages, each dominant in different regions of the country