High blood glucose (hyperglycemia) occurs when there is too much glucose in the blood, primarily due to insufficient insulin or the body's inability to use insulin effectively. Several factors contribute to high blood glucose levels:

• Insufficient insulin production or action: In type 1 diabetes, the body produces little or no insulin. In type 2 diabetes, the body may produce insulin but the cells resist its effects (insulin resistance), leading to elevated blood sugar

• Eating too many carbohydrates: Consuming more carbohydrates than the body can manage causes glucose to accumulate in the bloodstream

• Lack of physical activity: Exercise helps lower blood sugar by increasing insulin sensitivity; inactivity can lead to higher glucose levels

• Illness, infection, or injury: These conditions cause the body to release stress hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, which raise blood sugar

• Stress: Emotional or physical stress triggers hormone release that increases blood glucose

• Medications: Certain drugs such as steroids, beta-blockers, diuretics, and antipsychotics can raise blood sugar

• Other factors: Dehydration, hormonal changes (e.g., menstrual cycle, dawn phenomenon), poor sleep, and skipping meals can also contribute to spikes in blood glucose

In summary, high glucose levels result from an imbalance between glucose entering the bloodstream (mainly from food) and the body's ability to remove or use glucose, which depends heavily on insulin production and sensitivity. Additional factors like stress, illness, medications, and lifestyle also influence glucose levels