The model of communication that introduced the concept of "field of experience" as an important factor is Wilbur Schramm's Model of Communication. Schramm first published this model in 1954, making significant innovations over earlier, more linear models by including both a feedback loop and the explicit discussion of fields of experience

. A field of experience refers to the life experiences, attitudes, values, and beliefs that each communicator brings to an interaction. According to Schramm, effective communication depends on the overlap between the sender's and receiver's fields of experience; when there is little or no overlap, misunderstandings are more likely to occur

. This model is also less message-focused and more interaction-focused, recognizing that communication is a two-way, dynamic process shaped by the participants' backgrounds and contexts