During the Sultanate period, the kharaj tax on agricultural land was one-third to half of the produce. The percentage of kharaj tax charged varied during different reigns. For example, kharaj was usually charged at 20 percent, but during the reign of Alauddin Khalji, it rose to around 50 percent of the produce. Alauddin Khalji also imposed taxes on cattle and houses to increase his tax base, which ultimately was used to maintain a huge army. Therefore, the percentage of produce charged as kharaj tax during the Sultanate period ranged from one-third to half of the produce, depending on the reign.