As of June 30, 2021, there were 984,000 First Nations people living in Australia, representing 3.8% of the total Australian population. This was an increase of 23% (185,600 people) from the 2016 estimate of 798,400. The 2021 Census-based estimated resident population of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous Australians for various geographies shows that at 30 June 2021, there were 983,700 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, representing 3.8% of the total Australian population. In 2011, almost 670,000 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people were living in Australia, around 3% of the Australian population. By 2031, it is estimated that this number will exceed one million, with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people comprising 3.9% of the population. Therefore, the percentage of Australians who are Indigenous is around 3.8%.