Israelis are a religiously diverse population, with the majority identifying as Jewish. According to a 2022 report, 73.6% of the Israeli population is Jewish, 18.1% is Muslim, 1.9% is Christian, and 1.6% is Druze. The remaining 4.8% includes other faiths such as Samaritanism and Baháʼí, as well as "religiously unclassified" individuals.

Jewish identity in Israel is complex and spans notions of religion, ethnicity, nationality, and family. Virtually all Israeli Jews say they are Jewish, even though roughly half describe themselves as secular and one-in-five do not believe in God. For some, Jewish identity is also bound up with Israeli national pride.

The Jewish population in Israel is divided into four major religious subgroups: Hiloni (“secular”), Masorti (“traditional”), Dati (“religious”), and Haredi (“ultra-Orthodox”). Hilonim are the least religious and make up roughly half of Israeli Jews (49%) .

Most non-Jewish residents of Israel are ethnically Arab and identify religiously as Muslims, Christians, or Druze. Arabs in Israel, especially Muslims, are more religiously observant than Jews as a whole. Fully two-thirds of Israeli Arabs say religion is very important in their lives, compared with just 30% of Jews. Israeli Muslims (68%), Christians (57%), and Druze (49%) all are more likely than Jews to say religion is very important to them, personally.

A Gallup survey in 2015 determined that 65% of Israelis say they are either "not religious" or "convinced atheists," while 30% say they are "religious".