First graders typically learn a variety of skills in reading, writing, math, social studies, and science. Here are some of the things that a first grader should know:

Reading and Writing:

• Know the alphabet and the basic features of letters and words
• Recognize and provide rhyming words
• Know the first 50 sight words
• Read grade level text with accuracy, appropriate rate, and expression
• Write complete sentences with correct capitalization and punctuation
• Spell simple words phonetically

Math:

• Understand numbers and what they stand for
• Recognize and write numbers up to 100
• Count by twos, fives, and 10s to 100
• Mentally add numbers to 10
• Add and subtract to 20
• Add and subtract with pennies, nickels, dimes, and quarters
• Tell time to the hour and half hour
• Recognize shapes

Social Studies:

• Understand traditions that reflect American ideals and influences from diverse cultures within the nation
• Recognize shared values and goals as students in the same community, despite differences in backgrounds
• Learn about symbols representing the United States and important events in U.S. history

Science:

• Use tools such as magnifying glasses and thermometers
• Understand basic concepts such as the water cycle and the seasons

In addition to these academic skills, first graders should also develop social skills such as listening, taking turns, and participating in group decision-making. They should also be able to work independently for short periods of time and have conversations about situations from another persons point of view.