The conflict between Israel and Palestine has a long history that dates back to the end of the 19th century when Zionists sought to establish a homeland for the Jewish people in Ottoman-controlled Palestine. The roots of the conflict can be traced to the rise of national movements, including Zionism and Arab nationalism. However, the conflict escalated after the United Nations adopted Resolution 181, known as the Partition Plan, which sought to divide the British Mandate of Palestine into Arab and Jewish states. On May 14, 1948, the State of Israel was created, sparking the first Arab-Israeli War. The war ended in 1949 with Israel’s victory, but 750,000 Palestinians were displaced, and the territory was divided into three parts: the State of Israel, the West Bank (of the Jordan River), and the Gaza Strip.

Over the following years, tensions rose in the region, particularly between Israel and Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. In June 1967, Israel preemptively attacked Egyptian and Syrian air forces, starting the Six-Day War. The war ended with Israels victory, and it gained control of the West Bank, Gaza Strip, Sinai Peninsula, and Golan Heights. Israels capture of all of Jerusalem and newly acquired control over the biblical lands called Judea and Samaria in Israel opened the way to the construction of Jewish settlements in the West Bank, which became central to the conflict.

The conflict has continued to escalate over the years, with several military confrontations between Israel and Palestine, including the 2014 Gaza War. The latest round of violence began in May 2021, with Israeli restrictions around holy sites during Ramadan, increasingly intense protests and violence on both the Israeli and Palestinian sides, and a court decision to remove Palestinian families from an East Jerusalem neighborhood. The decision led to days of solidarity protests by Palestinians in East Jerusalem and clashes with police and Israeli Jews in adjacent neighborhoods. Hamas and Islamic Jihad launched a massive barrage of rockets from Gaza, straining Israels Iron Dome defense system, and Israel responded with an offensive in Gaza.

In summary, the conflict between Israel and Palestine has its roots in the late 19th century and escalated after the United Nations adopted Resolution 181, which sought to divide the British Mandate of Palestine into Arab and Jewish states. The conflict has continued to escalate over the years, with se...