The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has a long history, dating back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries when Zionists sought to establish a homeland for the Jewish people in Ottoman-controlled Palestine. The conflict intensified after the United Nations adopted Resolution 181 in 1947, which sought to divide the British Mandate of Palestine into Arab and Jewish states. On May 14, 1948, the State of Israel was created, sparking the first Arab-Israeli War. The war ended in 1949 with Israels victory, but 750,000 Palestinians were displaced, and the territory was divided into three parts: the State of Israel, the West Bank (of the Jordan River), and the Gaza Strip. The current Israeli-Palestinian status quo began following Israeli military occupation of the West Bank and Gaza in the 1967 Six-Day War, known as the Palestinian territories.

The conflict is rooted in competing claims to the Holy Land, and includes disputes over borders, Jerusalem, security, and Palestinian refugees. The conflict has seen increased violence in recent years, including a military confrontation between the Israeli military and Hamas in 2014, and clashes in the Palestinian territories in 2015. The conflict has also been aggravated by the Abraham Accords, the 2021 Israel-Hamas conflict, and the escalation in violence that followed.