After sex, to prevent pregnancy, the most effective options are emergency contraception methods, which should be used as soon as possible:
- Copper Intrauterine Device (IUD): This is the most effective emergency contraception. It can be inserted by a healthcare professional within 5 days (120 hours) after unprotected sex. Besides preventing pregnancy, it can be left in place to provide ongoing contraception for 5 to 10 years depending on the type
- Emergency Contraceptive Pills (ECPs): There are two main types:
- Ulipristal acetate (ellaOne): Effective up to 5 days after sex and more effective than levonorgestrel pills, especially between 3 to 5 days post-intercourse. It works by delaying ovulation even after the luteinizing hormone surge has begun
* **Levonorgestrel (e.g., Levonelle, Plan B):** Should be taken within 3 days (72 hours) after sex. It works primarily by preventing or delaying ovulation
- Timing: The sooner emergency contraception is used, the more effective it is. Both the copper IUD and pills must be used within 3 to 5 days after unprotected sex
- Access: Emergency contraception is available free at many sexual health clinics, GP surgeries, some pharmacies, and walk-in centers. Pills can also be purchased over the counter at pharmacies
- Additional advice: Urinating after sex and drinking plenty of water can help reduce the risk of urinary tract infections, which can sometimes occur after sex
- Important notes:
- Emergency contraception does not cause abortion; it prevents pregnancy from occurring.
- Emergency contraceptive pills do not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
* If you weigh more than 70 kg, the copper IUD or taking two doses of emergency contraceptive pills may be recommended for better effectiveness
In summary, after sex to prevent pregnancy, seek emergency contraception promptly-preferably a copper IUD within 5 days or emergency contraceptive pills within 3 to 5 days depending on the type-and consider consulting a healthcare provider for the best option.
