Here is a comprehensive guide on what to do before, during, and after an earthquake:

Before an Earthquake

• Prepare Emergency Supplies: Assemble a disaster kit with at least three days' supply of water (one gallon per person per day) and nonperishable food, prescription medications, first aid kit, flashlight, battery-powered or hand-crank radio, extra batteries, sturdy shoes, dust masks, whistle, and important documents in a waterproof container

• Secure Your Home: Anchor heavy furniture, bookcases, appliances, and water heaters to walls or floors to prevent tipping. Place heavy or breakable items on lower shelves. Secure cabinets with latches. Repair structural cracks and ensure electrical wiring and gas connections are safe

• Make a Family Plan: Identify safe spots in each room (under sturdy tables, against inside walls), plan escape routes, and decide on a meeting place after an earthquake. Teach family members what to do and practice earthquake drills regularly

• Learn Safety Skills: Learn first aid and CPR, and how to turn off gas, water, and electricity to prevent fires and leaks

• Know Your Risk: Understand your area's seismic building codes and retrofit your home if needed. Consider earthquake insurance as typical policies may not cover quake damage

During an Earthquake

• Drop, Cover, and Hold On: Drop to the ground, take cover under sturdy furniture or against an inside wall, and hold on until shaking stops. Protect your head and neck. If no shelter is nearby, crouch and cover your face and head with your arms

• Stay Indoors if Inside: Do not run outside during shaking as falling debris can cause injury. Stay away from windows, glass, and heavy objects that may fall

• If Outdoors: Move to an open area away from buildings, trees, power lines, and bridges

• If in a Vehicle: Stop safely and remain inside until shaking stops

• Avoid Flames: Do not use matches, candles, or open flames due to possible gas leaks

• Avoid Elevators: Use stairs after the shaking stops if you must evacuate

After an Earthquake

• Check for Injuries: Provide first aid as needed and seek medical help for serious injuries

• Inspect Utilities: Check gas, water, and electric lines for damage. If you smell gas or hear a hissing sound, evacuate immediately and report to authorities. Turn off utilities if damaged

• Be Cautious: Avoid damaged buildings, broken glass, debris, and unstable chimneys. Wear sturdy shoes to protect your feet

• Expect Aftershocks: These secondary quakes can cause additional damage. Stay alert and be prepared to drop, cover, and hold on again

• Stay Informed: Use a battery-powered radio for updates. Use phones only for emergencies to keep lines open

• Avoid Tsunami Zones: If near the coast, move to higher ground as tsunamis can follow earthquakes

• Document Damage: Have a professional inspect your home for structural damage before re-entering. Check chimneys and other potential hazards

Following these steps can significantly reduce injury and damage during an earthquake and improve your ability to respond effectively afterward.