Neutering a dog is a surgical procedure that involves removing the testicles, resulting in surgical sterilization of the dog so they cannot make puppies. After the surgery, most dogs are released within a day, and they may feel tired or groggy. They may want to sleep more for the first day or two, and some dogs may feel nauseated and not eat full meals or even vomit. Here are some things to expect after neutering a dog:

• Restrict activity: Dogs should be kept calm for 10 to 14 days after surgery, or however long your veterinarian recommends. This means restricting play and exercise to short leash walks for elimination purposes and keeping your pup indoors in a clean, dry environment.

• Post-operative medication: Post-operative medication should be given to relieve pain, which is judged in most cases to be mild to moderate.

• Check the incision: Check the incision daily for any redness, swelling, or discharge. Do not allow your dog to lick or chew at the incision. If your pet licks the incision line, prevent them from doing so by putting them in an e-collar.

• Behavioral changes: Neutered dogs no longer have the intense drive to mate, roam, and seek out females. This change is not immediate as it may take weeks after castration for the hormones to gradually dissipate from their system. Other changes you can expect after neutering include a desire to stay closer to home, less urine marking, less fighting, a calmer demeanor, and added affection. Some pets may gain weight after neutering and as they get older. Cutting back on food intake or increasing your pet’s activity will help reduce weight gain.

• Complications: The most common complications to expect after neutering are related to self-trauma, when pets inflict damage with their tongues or potentially with their paws. Infection or dehiscence of the incision are typical consequences. Keep a close eye on your dog if you remove the recovery collar for eating or walking. Replace the collar immediately should you notice that they attempt to lick the incision. If you notice any redness, swelling, or discharge from the incision, you should call your veterinarian.

It is important to follow your veterinarians instructions for post-surgery care, and your dog will likely recover completely within a couple of weeks.