The type of cell division that results in cells that are genetically identical is mitosis. Mitosis is a process where a single cell divides to produce two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the original parent cell, maintaining the same chromosome number in each new cell. This process is crucial for growth, tissue repair, and cellular replacement in multicellular organisms. During mitosis, the replicated chromosomes are separated into two nuclei, followed by division of the cytoplasm, ensuring that both daughter cells receive equal and identical genetic material.