ADHD stands for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, which is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects peoples behavior. It is one of the most common childhood neurodevelopmental disorders and is usually first diagnosed in childhood, although it can be diagnosed later in life. ADHD is characterized by inattention, impulsivity, and, in some cases, hyperactivity. The symptoms of ADHD tend to be noticed at an early age and may become more noticeable when a childs circumstances change, such as when they start school. There are three major types of ADHD: predominantly inattentive presentation, predominantly hyperactive/impulsive presentation, and combined presentation. ADHD is considered a chronic and debilitating disorder and is known to impact the individual in many aspects of their life including academic and professional achievements, interpersonal relationships, and daily functioning.

It is important to note that several conditions can mimic ADHD such as learning disorders, mood disorders, anxiety, substance use, head injuries, thyroid conditions, and use of some medications such as steroids. ADHD may also co-exist with other mental health conditions, such as oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder, anxiety disorders, and learning disorders. Therefore, a full psychiatric evaluation is necessary to determine the cause of the symptoms.

ADHD is usually treated with a combination of behavior therapy and medication. For preschool-aged children (4-5 years of age) with ADHD, behavior therapy, particularly training for parents, is recommended as the first line of treatment before medication is tried. Good treatment plans will include close monitoring, follow-ups, and making changes, if needed, along the way.