Dionysus, also known as Bacchus or Liber Pater, was a god in Greco-Roman religion associated with wine, fruitfulness, vegetation, fertility, festivity, insanity, ritual madness, religious ecstasy, and theatre. He was the son of Zeus and Semele, a daughter of Cadmus, and was twice born after being sewn up in Zeus thigh. Dionysus was often depicted with an ivy wreath, the thyrsus, and the kantharos, a large two-handled goblet. His followers included spirits of fertility, such as the satyrs and sileni, and in his rituals, the phallus was prominent. Dionysus was also associated with various animals and often took on a bestial shape.