Realpolitik is a system of politics based on practical objectives rather than on ideals or moral and ethical premises. It is a pragmatic, no-nonsense view of politics that suggests a disregard for ethical considerations. The term "Realpolitik" was coined by Ludwig von Rochau, a German writer and politician in the 19th century. It was an early attempt at answering the conundrum of how to achieve liberal enlightened goals in a world that does not follow liberal enlightened rules. Realpolitik emerged in mid-19th century Europe from the collision of the Enlightenment with state formation and power politics.

Realpolitik is often used interchangeably with "power politics". It is generally used in discussions about foreign policy and relationships between nations. The term is closely associated with former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, who supported a number of policies on the grounds that they were practical, if not ethical. Otto von Bismarck, the German statesman who oversaw the unification of Germany in 1871, was also famous for his use of Realpolitik.

Realpolitik is a term that has been used both positively and negatively. While generally used as a positive or neutral term, as of around 2014, Realpolitik has been used pejoratively to imply political policies that are perceived as being coercive, amoral, or Machiavellian.