The French and Indian War was a conflict between Great Britain and France, fought between 1754 and 1763. It was a theater of the Seven Years War, a larger imperial war between the two countries. The war began over the issue of whether the upper Ohio River valley was part of the British Empire or part of the French Empire. The fighting began in North America and spread to the rest of the world. The war pitted France, French colonists, and their Native allies against Great Britain, the Anglo-American colonists, and the Iroquois Confederacy. The French colonies had a population of roughly 60,000 settlers, compared with 2 million in the British colonies. The French particularly depended on their native allies, as they were outnumbered. The war resulted in enormous territorial gains for Great Britain in North America. However, disputes over subsequent frontier policy and paying the war’s expenses led to colonial discontent, and ultimately to the American Revolution. The French and Indian War is viewed as a singular conflict in the United States, which was not associated with any European war.