The most valuable product in the Mongol Empire was the horse. Horses were central to Mongol society and military success, prized for their endurance, speed, and adaptability to harsh conditions. They enabled the Mongols to travel long distances quickly and were essential for their cavalry tactics, which were key to their conquests. Almost every Mongol family owned horses, and they were so important that horses were sometimes buried with their owners to serve them in the afterlife

. Besides horses, other valuable domestic animals included cattle, camels, sheep, and goats, which were important for milk, meat, wool, and as beasts of burden. However, horses stood out as the most crucial asset for the empire’s expansion and daily life

. Additionally, the Mongols prized certain crafted goods and innovations such as high-quality Mongol paper used for maps and books, and the composite Mongol bow, a powerful weapon contributing to their military dominance

. Trade goods like gold brocade, silk, spices, porcelain, and gunpowder were also significant in the empire’s economy

. An important symbolic and practical item was the gerege or paiza , a tablet that functioned as a passport granting the bearer authority and safe passage throughout the empire, reflecting the administrative sophistication of the Mongols

. In summary, while many goods were valuable, the horse was the most valuable product in the Mongol Empire due to its fundamental role in transportation, warfare, and nomadic life.